Ipamorelin
Other names ：Ipamorelin [INN], UNII-Y9M3S784Z6, Y9M3S784Z6, NNC-260161
Ipamorelin, a synthetic peptide of the growth hormone-releasing peptide class, which has some potential benefits, including weight loss, greater lean muscle mass, better sleep, collagen formation, cellular repair, and IGF-1 stimulation. Ipamorelin also improves bone mineral content, mitigates the effects of glucocorticoids, and regulates appetite without producing excessive hunger. It distinguishes itself from conventional medications by controlling appetite and gastrointestinal motility without causing hunger and avoiding considerable cortisol increase.
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Properties
Description
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Properties
Sequence: | Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 |
Molecular Formula: | C38H49N9O5 |
Molecular Weight: | 711.9 g/mol |
PubChem CID: | 9831659 |
CAS Number: | 170851-70-4 |
Synonyms: | Ipamorelin [INN], UNII-Y9M3S784Z6, Y9M3S784Z6 |
Description
Ipamorelin Peptide Structure
Authoritative source：PubChem
What is Ipamorelin Peptide?
Ipamorelin, a synthetic peptide of the growth hormone-releasing peptide class, acts as a selective growth hormone (GH) secretagogue and Ghrelin receptor agonist, stimulating growth hormone production without causing appetite increase or elevated cortisol levels. This peptide offers multiple benefits, including reduced body fat, increased lean muscle mass, improved sleep, collagen production, cellular repair, and IGF-1 enhancement. It also enhances bone mineral content, counteracts glucocorticoid effects, and controls appetite without causing excessive hunger. Ipamorelin’s specificity in targeting growth hormone production while avoiding disruptions to other hormones makes it an attractive alternative to HGH therapy. Notably, it manages appetite and gastric motility without triggering hunger and avoids significant cortisol elevation, setting it apart from other therapies.[1][2]
How Does Ipamorelin Peptide Work?
Ipamorelin promotes the release of growth hormone via interacting with the ghrelin receptor. This is how it works:
①Ghrelin Receptor Activation: Ipamorelin binds to and activates the ghrelin receptor on hypothalamic and pituitary gland cells.
②GHRH stimulation: This activation stimulates the hypothalamic synthesis and release of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).
③Growth Hormone Release: GHRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH) into the bloodstream.
④Feedback regulation: As GH is produced, negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary inhibits GHRH production, hence regulating GH levels.
⑤Tissue Effects: GH affects tissues through stimulating repair, protein synthesis, metabolism, and growth in a variety of body parts.
⑥Metabolic changes: growth hormone (GH) indirectly impacts insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production in the liver, hence mediating growth-related effects. Increased levels of GH and IGF-1 can improve fat metabolism, muscle growth, and body composition.
What Are the Benefits of Ipamorelin Peptide?
Ipamorelin has received a lot of attention because of its many potential benefits in terms of health and well-being. Continue reading for a more in-depth examination of these potential benefits.[3][4]
Fat Reduction
Ipamorelin shows promise in promoting fat loss by increasing metabolism and stimulating the breakdown of stored fat cells. This process may help to achieve a healthier body composition and more effective weight management.
Muscle Building
Proponents argue that Ipamorelin’s ability to stimulate growth hormone release can lead to increased muscle growth and protein synthesis. This makes it an appealing option for people looking to improve their muscular strength and general body.
Anti-Aging Effects
Ipamorelin activation of growth hormone release is usually associated with potential anti-aging effects. Growth hormone, known for its involvement in cellular regeneration and tissue repair, has been linked to a more youthful appearance and improved overall well-being as the aging process progresses.[5][6]
Increased Bone Strength
The claimed capacity of ipamorelin to induce bone cell production is significant. By potentially increasing bone mineral density, it may help to reinforce bones and reduce fracture risk, enhancing skeletal health.
Optimized Joint and Ligament Health
Ipamorelin’s influence on growth hormone secretion may help to preserve healthy joints and ligaments. This feature may be especially beneficial for people who engage in regular physical exercise or are interested in maintaining good joint health.
Increased Energy and Vitality
The increased levels of growth hormone associated with Ipamorelin may lead to increased energy and vitality. Such enhancements may result in improved physical and cognitive performance throughout the day.
Reinforced Immune System
Ipamorelin may improve immune system functionality by fine-tuning the body’s response to infections and inflammatory stimuli, and it has the potential to improve overall immunological resilience.
Side Effects of Ipamorelin Peptide
While Ipamorelin is typically regarded safe and well-tolerated, it does have the potential to induce negative effects in certain people. It is crucial to remember that individual responses might vary, and not everyone will experience these effects.[7][8] Here are some of the probable negative effects of Ipamorelin.
- Injection Site Reactions
- Headache
- Nausea
- Cortisol Fluctuations
- Water Retention
- Dizziness or Lightheadedness
- Hypoglycemia
- Tingling or Numbness
- Allergic Reactions
*Due to personal physical conditions, usage and other reasons, side effects vary from person to person. However, all side effects will disappear in a short time. If the side effects last for a long time or the symptoms are severe, please seek medical attention in time.
Ipamorelin vs. Sermorelin
Ipamorelin and Sermorelin are synthetic peptides that promote the production of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. While they have a common purpose, their mechanisms of action and possible advantages are diverse.
①Difference Between Ipamorelin and Sermorelin
- Mechanism of Action
Ipamorelin: Imitates ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone.Binds to ghrelin receptors, resulting in selective and regulated growth hormone production.
Sermorelin: GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone)-like mechanism of action.Activates pituitary gland receptors, resulting in the production of natural growth hormone.[9][10]
- Advantages
Ipamorelin: Linked to enhanced bone density, muscle growth, and fat loss.Enhances physical performance and promotes a more youthful appearance.It provides a focused and consistent method to growth hormone release.
Sermorelin: Promotes muscular building, fat loss, and anti-aging properties. Because of its natural mechanism of action, it helps to maintain hormonal balance.Provides a steady and pulsatile release of growth hormone.
- Compatibillity
Ipamorelin: it can work synergistically with other peptides because of its specific stimulation mechanism.
Sermorelin: For certain aims, it can be used in conjunction with other peptides.
②Choosing Between Ipamorelin and Sermorelin
Targeted or Balanced Stimulation: Ipamorelin offers targeted stimulation via the ghrelin receptor, while Sermorelin maintains a balanced hormonal equilibrium during growth hormone release.
Goals and Preferences: The choice between Ipamorelin and Sermorelin depends on your specific health goals, preferences, and any existing medical conditions.
Combination: Some individuals opt to combine Ipamorelin and Sermorelin to leverage their synergistic effects, potentially maximizing growth hormone release.
Ipamorelin and CJC-1295
CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin are frequently used in treatment regimens due to their complimentary benefits. These two peptides function in tandem to achieve a balanced and effective growth hormone release.
①Reason for combination
Optimal Timing: CJC-1295 takes 1-4 hours to reach peak serum levels in the body. Ipamorelin, on the other hand, works faster. The combination of these peptides ensures that Ipamorelin causes a quick growth hormone pulse, while CJC-1295 prolong and amplifies its effects, resulting in a comprehensive and lasting response.[11][12]
Duration of action: Ipamorelin has a shorter half-life of roughly 2 hours, which results in faster clearance from the body. CJC-1295’s effects, on the other hand, last longer due to its extended half-life. This synergy bridges the gap between immediate gratification and long-term benefits.
Enhanced Specificity: CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin are notable for their extraordinary specificity in increasing growth hormone levels. They do not impact cortisol levels, unlike some other peptides, avoiding undesired consequences such as increased stress or hunger.
②Benefits of the Combination
Rapid Action: Ipamorelin’s rapid action causes an instant release of growth hormone, providing an energy boost.
Lasting Effects: CJC-1295 prolongs the growth hormone pulse started by Ipamorelin, offering long-term advantages.
Minimal Hormonal Interference: The combination’s unique specificity ensures that cortisol and other hormone levels are undisturbed, which is a substantial benefit for overall well-being.[13][14]
Ipamorelin For Sale | Ipamorelin Supplier
Ipamorelin is a synthetic peptide in the growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) family. It is intended to increase growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland, a tiny gland located at the base of the brain. Growth hormone is required for a variety of physiological activities such as growth, metabolism, and tissue repair. Ipamorelin has been linked to increased muscle growth, decreased body fat, higher bone density, improved sleep quality, and potential anti-aging effects. It is frequently utilized in sports performance, bodybuilding, and anti-aging therapy. There are many suppliers that claim to supply high quality Ipamorelin, however, when you buy Ipamorelin online, make sure to choose the supplier carefully to get genuine Ipamorelin. Polypeptide.Ltd is a trusted Ipamorelin manufacturer, offering pharmaceutical grade Ipamorelin.[15]
Manufacturers/Factory
Ipamorelin is a synthetic peptide that belongs to the GHRP (growth hormone-releasing peptide) family. Its goal is to boost the tiny pituitary gland’s production of growth hormone, a hormone that is produced by the brain’s base. Multiple physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and tissue repair, depend on growth hormone. If you are looking for the professional and top peptide Ipamorelin manufacturer or factory, here is the right place where you are.
As a growth hormone-realsing peptide, Ipamorelin has been associated with better sleep, greater bone density, reduced body fat, increased muscular growth, and potential anti-aging effects. In sports performance, bodybuilding, and anti-aging therapy, it is often used.
To provide the best support to customers, Polypeptide.ltd, as a professional Ipamorelin manufacturer, not only supply the peptide Ipamorelin in powder form but also provide the vial form. The best price Ipamorelin is available at Polypeptide.ltd!
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FAQ
What is the function of Ipamorelin in the body?
Ipamorelin has the potential to increase muscle size and strength. Its mode of action increases muscle development and repair by stimulating the synthesis of growth hormone. Ipamorelin can also aid in the reduction of total body fat.
Is it safe to take Ipamorelin?
According to one study, long-term usage of Ipamorelin for adults was generally considered safe and well tolerated. However, keep in mind that each patient will react differently. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor about any safety concerns or potential drug interactions.
Is Ipamorelin a fat burner?
Ipamorelin is becoming renowned among bodybuilders as the most effective growth hormone releasing peptide on the market. While further clinical research is required, some of the advantages of Ipamorelin include: Body fat is being reduced. Muscle strength and mass have increased.
Is Ipamorelin going to help you seem younger?
Ipamorelin is a peptide that was created specifically for anti-aging purposes. It promotes skin suppleness, collagen formation, and wrinkle reduction. It can also help you gain lean muscle mass, lose fat, and boost your energy levels.
How long does it take Ipamorelin to lose weight?
Skin will appear healthier and more moisturized in around 2-3 weeks. Subtle changes in your general body shape may then occur. Real weight loss occurs after at least three months of use.
Is Ipamorelin a collagen booster?
The peptide CJC-1295, in conjunction with ipamorelin, aids in fat loss by stimulating lipolysis, or fat breakdown. Both of these peptides can also aid in the formation of collagen.
Is Ipamorelin a cortisol booster?
Another advantage of Ipamorelin is that, unlike other similar medicines on the market, it does not raise cortisol levels in the body. Cortisol, widely known as the stress hormone, raises blood pressure and heart rate.
How long does it take for Ipamorelin to produce results?
After 2 to 4 weeks, you should experience greater workout recovery, enhanced mental clarity, improved skin elasticity, and increased energy. Body composition changes normally take 6 weeks to manifest and will continue to progress. Optimal outcomes are usually obtained after 3 to 6 months.
How does Ipamorelin influence blood sugar levels?
This favorable effect is supported by strong scientific evidence: The injection of a growth hormone-releasing peptide improved blood sugar levels in diabetes patients by boosting GH secretion. Ipamorelin can help lessen one’s risk of diabetes by increasing GH levels.
Is it legal to use Ipamorelin peptide?
Peptides, such as Ipamorelin, are permitted with some restrictions. Because many peptides are not scheduled drugs, they are widely available. However, product quality, safety, and efficacy vary. It is critical to obtain peptides from a reputable medical source.
Reviews
Ipamorelin Peptide dosage calculator
Referenced Citations
[1]Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD (December 2014). “Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients”. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 29 (12): 1527–34.
[2]Moulin A, Ryan J, Martinez J, Fehrentz JA (September 2007). “Recent developments in ghrelin receptor ligands”. ChemMedChem. 2 (9): 1242–59.
[3]Perez AJ (5 May 2016). “Peptides under greater scrutiny in MLB’s performance-enhancing drug battle”. USA TODAY. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
[4]Gobburu JV, Agersø H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L (September 1999). “Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers”. Pharmaceutical Research. 16 (9): 1412–6.
[5]Jiménez-Reina L, Cañete R, De la Torre MJ, Bernal G (2002). “Chronic In Vivo Ipamorelin Treatment Stimulates Body Weight Gain and Growth Hormone (GH) Release In Vitro in Young Female Rats”. European Journal of Anatomy. 6 (1): 37–46.
[6]Andersen NB, Malmlöf K, Johansen PB. The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2001 Oct;11(5):266-72.
[7]Walker R. F. (2007). Primary locus intervention: a novel approach to treating age-associated hormone insufficiency. Clinical interventions in aging, 2(4), 495–497.
[8]iustina A, Veldhuis JD. Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocrine Reviews. 1998;19(6):717–797.
[9]Tritos, N & Kokkotou, E. (2006). The Physiology and Potential Clinical Applications of Ghrelin, a Novel Peptide Hormone. Mayo Clin Proc. May 2006;81(5):653-660
[10]Iranmanesh A, Lizarralde G, Veldhuis JD. Age and relative adiposity are specific negative determinants of the frequency and amplitude of growth hormone (GH) secretory bursts and the half-life of endogenous GH in healthy men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1991;73(5):1081–1088.
[11]Russell-Aulet M, Jaffe CA, Demott-Friberg R, Barkan AL. In vivo semiquantification of hypothalamic Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) output in humans: Evidence for relative GHRH deficiency in aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3490
[12]Devesa, J., Almengló, C., & Devesa, P. (2016). Multiple Effects of Growth Hormone in the Body: Is it Really the Hormone for Growth?. Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes, 9, 47–71.
[13]Hersch, E. C., & Merriam, G. R. (2008). Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and GH secretagogues in normal aging: Fountain of Youth or Pool of Tantalus?. Clinical interventions in aging, 3(1), 121–129.
[14]Merriam GR, Kletke M, Barsness S, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone in normal aging: An Update. Today’s Therapeutic Trends. 2000;18:335–54.
[15]Roy G. Smith, Development of Growth hormone Secretagogues, Endocrine Reviews, Volume 26, Issue 3, 1 May 2005, Pages 346–360.
What Is Ipamorelin?
Ipamorelin is a short peptide sequence that exhibits the ability to bind to the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Among the known growth hormone (GH) secretagogues, it is one of the most selective ones. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that ipamorelin does not have any effect on the release of ACTH, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, or cortisol.[1][2][3] Its remarkable specificity has made it a subject of interest in research, both as a potential therapeutic agent and as a model peptide for studying the mechanisms of receptor binding selectivity.
Ipamorelin Structure
Authoritative source：PubChem
Peptide Sequence: Aib-His-D-2Nal-D-Phe-Lys
Molecular Formula: C38H49N9O5
Molecular Weight: 711.868 g/mol
PubChem CID: 9831659
CAS Number: 170851-70-4 .
Ipamorelin Research
1. Ipamorelin and Negative Corticosteroid Effects
Glucocorticoids, a type of corticosteroids commonly employed in the treatment of inflammation associated with conditions ranging from cancer to autoimmune diseases, are known to have significant side effects that often restrict their efficacy. Alleviating these side effects could potentially enable higher dosing of glucocorticoids and prolong their usage, which could lead to positive outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that ipamorelin can effectively diminish or even reverse the adverse effects associated with glucocorticoid administration.
2. Ipamorelin and Bone Health
One of the most significant challenges associated with long-term use of glucocorticoids is the loss of bone density and the subsequent risk of fractures. Current treatment options include bisphosphonates, hormone therapies, and new monoclonal antibodies. While these therapies are effective in their own ways, they also come with side effects, limited efficacy, or high costs. In contrast, ipamorelin is relatively inexpensive to produce and has minimal side effects. Studies conducted on rats have shown that ipamorelin can completely halt bone loss caused by corticosteroids and even lead to a four-fold increase in bone formation in rats exposed to these drugs. Furthermore, additional research indicates that ipamorelin improves systemic bone mineral density, thereby enhancing the strength of both existing and newly formed bones. As an added benefit, ipamorelin helps counteract some of the other side effects of steroids, such as muscle wasting and increased accumulation of visceral fat.
3. Ipamorelin and Muscle Growth
Evidence suggests that growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone secretagogues, such as ipamorelin, may help reduce the catabolic effects of glucocorticoids on muscle. Studies conducted on rats treated with glucocorticoids have shown a decrease in nitrogen wasting in the liver and an improved nitrogen balance after ipamorelin administration. Muscle wasting is a significant side effect associated with glucocorticoid use and often limits the effectiveness of treatment. Having a single drug that can counteract both muscle catabolism and bone density loss could provide substantial benefits to patients who require glucocorticoid therapy.
4. Ipamorelin and Diabetes
Research conducted on diabetic rats has discovered that ipamorelin has the ability to enhance insulin release. This effect is believed to occur through the indirect stimulation of the calcium channel present in pancreatic islet cells, which are responsible for the production and storage of insulin. By studying ipamorelin’s impact on the pancreas, we can gain insights into the functional constraints of type 2 diabetes and potentially develop new therapeutic approaches or preventive strategies.
5. Studied for Treatment of Post-Operative Ileus
Post-operative ileus (POI) is a frequent occurrence that often follows specific surgical procedures, with abdominal surgery being particularly susceptible to this condition. It manifests as an impaired gastrointestinal (GI) system, rendering individuals unable to consume oral nutrition. Symptoms may include pain, but the main issue with POI is its impact on hospital discharge rates and overall recovery duration, as it hampers the normal passage of bowel movements.
Ipamorelin has undergone several proof-of-concept clinical trials aimed at evaluating its potential in reducing post-operative ileus (POI). The research indicates that ipamorelin can shorten the time to the first meal by approximately 12 hours. However, despite initial promising results, the trials were discontinued as the conducting company determined that the efficacy of ipamorelin alone was not sufficient to develop a viable product. Nevertheless, there is optimism that ongoing research efforts can enhance its efficacy or that combination therapies incorporating ipamorelin may yield a synergistic effect with other compounds, ultimately leading to a more effective treatment option.
Authoritative source：PubMed
- The amount of radiolabeled food remaining in the stomach is lower in rats with POI after administration of ipamorelin, even when compared to rats without POI.
- The spatial distribution of the food is similar to that of rats without POI when ipamorelin is given to rats with POI.
- The location of radiolabeled food in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract becomes more distal and similar to that of rats without POI after the administration of ipamorelin.
6. Ipamorelin as Ghrelin Receptor Probe
Ipamorelin, a selective ghrelin receptor agonist, exhibits strong binding affinity to the ghrelin receptor. The expression of the ghrelin receptor is known to increase in certain cancer types, such as human carcinomas, as well as in heart failure. Based on these findings, researchers have recently hypothesized that ipamorelin could serve as a probe in positron emission tomography (PET) to aid in diagnosis. Preliminary in vitro studies have shown the feasibility of this approach and have confirmed that ipamorelin, which can be easily synthesized in a laboratory, could potentially be utilized as a PET probe. The next crucial step involves testing the probe in vivo to assess its functionality and establish standards for interpreting PET studies conducted with it.
Ipamorelin Is Neglected in Research
While ipamorelin does not currently hold orphan drug status, it remains an underexplored drug in research settings. Despite promising initial studies, the interest in ipamorelin has diminished following the decision to discontinue its development as a treatment for post-operative ileus. However, ipamorelin possesses numerous potential benefits, not only as a therapeutic agent but also as a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of various disease states and their physiological impacts. It is likely that ipamorelin will regain research interest once new data and innovative insights into the advantages of this distinctive peptide emerge, reigniting the field. [6][7]
Ipamorelin demonstrates moderate side effects, low oral bioavailability, and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. However, the dosage per kilogram in mice cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. It is important to note that Ipamorelin available for purchase at Peptide Sciences is strictly intended for educational and scientific research purposes, and is not suitable for human consumption. Therefore, only licensed researchers should consider purchasing Ipamorelin.
Referenced Citations
[1] K. Raun et al., “Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue,” Eur. J. Endocrinol., vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 552–561, Nov. 1998. [PubMed]
[2] N. B. Andersen, K. Malmlöf, P. B. Johansen, T. T. Andreassen, G. Ørtoft, and H. Oxlund, “The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats,” Growth Horm. IGF Res. Off. J. Growth Horm. Res. Soc. Int. IGF Res. Soc., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 266–272, Oct. 2001. [PubMed]
[3] J. Svensson et al., “The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats,” J. Endocrinol., vol. 165, no. 3, pp. 569–577, Jun. 2000. [ [PubMed]
[4] N. K. Aagaard et al., “Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea synthesis in steroid treated rats,” Growth Horm. IGF Res. Off. J. Growth Horm. Res. Soc. Int. IGF Res. Soc., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 426–431, Oct. 2009. [PubMed]
[5] E. Adeghate and A. S. Ponery, “Mechanism of ipamorelin-evoked insulin release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats,” Neuro Endocrinol. Lett., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 403–406, Dec. 2004. [PubMed]
[6] D. E. Beck, W. B. Sweeney, M. D. McCarter, and Ipamorelin 201 Study Group, “Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients,” Int. J. Colorectal Dis., vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1527–1534, Dec. 2014. [PubMed]
[7] B. Greenwood-Van Meerveld, K. Tyler, E. Mohammadi, and C. Pietra, “Efficacy of ipamorelin, a ghrelin mimetic, on gastric dysmotility in a rodent model of postoperative ileus,” J. Exp. Pharmacol., vol. 4, pp. 149–155, Oct. 2012. [PubMed]
Author of this article:
Dr. Jean Zeng graduated from king’s college london Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine.Scientific Journal paper Author:
1.Bernd Peschke
Health Care Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
2.Peter B. Johansen
Department of Pharmacological Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, DK-2880, Denmark
3.N.B. Andersen
Department of Connective Tissue Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
4.Niels Kristian Aagaard
Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
5.Andreas Thomas
Center for Preventive Doping Research and Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf, 50933 Cologne, Germany
Author of this article:
Dr. Jean Zeng graduated from king's college london Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine.
Scientific Journal paper Author:
Stephen C. Bain
Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
In no way does this doctor/scientist endorse or advocate the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. Polypeptide.ltd has no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, with this physician. The purpose of citing this doctor is to acknowledge, acknowledge and commend the exhaustive research and development work done by the scientists working on this peptide.
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