PT-141
Other names:Vyleesi, PT141, Rekynda, bremelanotide acetate, Bremelanotide
Polypeptide PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic peptide developed from Melanotan 2 (MT-II). It is also a man-made peptide that was originally developed as a sunless tanning agent, but it has shown a lot of promise as a possible treatment for sexual dysfunction. Especially, it has great helpful on the treatment of erectile dysfunction or impotence in men and HSDD (hypoactive sexual desire disorder) in women.
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Description
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Properties
Sequence: | AC-Nle-Asp(1)-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys(1) |
Molecular Formula: | CsoHogN14O10 |
Molecular Weight: | 1025. 182 g/mol |
PubChem CID: | 9941379 |
CAS Number: | 189691-06-3 |
Synonyms: | PT141, Rekynda, bremelanotide acetate, Bremelanotide |
Description
PT-141 Molecular Structure
Authoritative source:PubChem
What is Peptide PT–141(Bremelanotide)?
Peptide PT-141, also known as bremonotide, is a novel new medication that has attracted medical and scientific interest for its ability to treat sexual dysfunction in both men and women. This peptide has been extensively researched for its capacity to boost libido and excitement, making it a promising treatment option for patients suffering from low libido or other forms of sexual dysfunction. It is currently FDA-approved for the treatment of premenopausal women with acquired, global sexual hyposexuality condition (HSDD).[1]
So, can we conclude that PT-141 is the most effective peptide for sexual health? Is it equally safe and effective for men and women? Continue reading to find the most recent information on how PT-141 works, its benefits for men and women, and potential hazards.
How Does PT–141(Bremelanotide) Work?
PT-141(Bremelanotide) is a peptide hormone that has become popular for its ability to rapidly increase sexual desire and arousal in both men and women. It is a melanocortin-based drug that acts by activating certain brain receptors to produce different types of hormones that directly affect libido.
PT-141 does not work like standard erectile dysfunction medications like Viagra; instead, it affects brain regions related with sexual excitement.The active element in PT-141 raises hormone levels such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. These hormones boost blood flow to the genitals, resulting in increased physical pleasure during intercourse. It also increases the sensitivity of nerve endings, which amplifies messages conveyed from the brain to the body.
With the onset of middle age, erectile dysfunction, vaginal dryness, decreased libido, and other poor sexual performance issues become a problem. PT-141 intends to assist anyone who is experiencing a decline in their sexual life.[5]
What are the Benefits of Peptide PT–141(Bremelanotide)?
Extensive clinical research has shown that PT-141 can help with a range of diseases, including erectile dysfunction, HSDD in premenopausal women, and even weight reduction. We have prepared the following benefits of the peptide PT141 based on research data:
❶ PT-141 and Male Erectile Dysfunction
Researchers have shown that PT-141 has therapeutic efficacy in male individuals with erectile dysfunction, even when other therapies have failed.[11]
In a 2004 trial, researchers gave PT-141 injections to both healthy men and men who had erectile dysfunction but were not responding to Viagra. In the healthy males, 1mg doses were adequate to cause erection, whereas 4mg or 6mg doses produced erection in the ED Viagra-non-responder group. All patients tolerated the medication well, leading the researchers to conclude that the peptide is a promising treatment for male sexual dysfunction.
Intranasal delivery of PT-141 has also been proven to provide beneficial results in males with ED, this time in Viagra-responsive patients. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial discovered that nasally delivered PT-141 at doses greater than 7mg elicited an erectile response as soon as 30 minutes after treatment, with no known safety issues.[12]
Similarly, a randomized, placebo-controlled research looked at the effects of intranasal PT-141 delivery in Viagra-non-responsive ED patients. Prior to intercourse, the PT-141 group was instructed to self-administer a 10mg PT-141 dose by nasal spray. In the end, males receiving PT-141 reported “significantly greater intercourse satisfaction” than those in the placebo group.[9]
❷ PT-141 and Female HSDD
According to experts, roughly 10% of women in the United States have low libido or none at all. This lack of sex drive in women, known as hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), has been related to hormonal abnormalities and aberrant levels of dopamine and serotonin. As a possible treatment for HSDD, PT-141, a melanocortin known to act on the excitatory circuit implicated in female sexual response, was found.
Researchers assessed the safety and efficacy of PT-141 therapy in premenopausal women with HSDD in two identical 24-week phase 3 trials. The PT-141 patient group was told to self-administer a dosage of 1.75mg subcutaneously as needed. PT-141 therapy dramatically enhanced sexual desire and reduced HSDD-related distress in both studies, with very minor side effects recorded.
The FDA approved injectable PT-141 as a therapy for HSDD in premenopausal women after the clinical research program (RECONNECT) was completed.[7]
❸ PT-141 and Better Mood
As previously stated, PT-141 increases emotions of sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction associated with sexual engagement.
Researchers believe that these effects are achieved by activating the MC4R in the hypothalamus, resulting in an increase in dopamine. Because dopamine is linked to feelings of motivation and reward, researchers predict that PT-141 treatment could improve patients’ general mood, including increased optimism bias.[3]
❹ PT-141 and Weight Loss
The MC4R has been related to hunger management in addition to its involvement in modulating sexual desire. When activated, the receptor can enhance satiety or the sensation of being full. Two phase one clinical trials were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of PT-141 therapy in obese female participants, with the goal of determining whether the peptide could reduce calorie consumption and body weight.[4]
During the 16-day trial period, individuals received either once-daily, twice-daily, or thrice-daily PT-141 subcutaneous injectable treatment or placebo. After the two studies were completed, 90% of the women in the thrice-daily group had a greater reduction in body weight against placebo, and the twice-daily group had a “significantly greater reduction” in body weight compared to placebo. According to the researchers, PT-141′s action at the MC4R makes it a promising therapeutic agent in obese people.
How Does PT-141 Enhance Libido and Sexual Function?
PT-141, commonly known as bremelanotide, is an injectable chemical that can be used to increase libido. It has been demonstrated that increasing desire increases physical arousal and genital circulation, hence increasing the fullness and function of erectile and other genital tissue in both men and women. There is a substantial link between sexual excitement and sexual performance ability. This medicine addresses both. Unlike conventional oral drugs such as Viagra, Cialis, or Levitra, PT-141 stimulates arousal by acting directly on the neurological system. When appropriately dosed, it eliminates the risk of priapism (a prolonged and often unpleasant erection), headache, and congestion. Furthermore, PT-141 may enhance dopamine release. Dopamine is commonly considered of as a pleasure molecule, but it has lately been linked to motivational salience. To put it another way, the urge to perform an act based on the perceived level of satisfaction or consequence.[8]
What are the difference between Bremelanotide PT-141 and Melanotan II (MT2)?
As you may have noticed, PT-141 and Melanotan II(MT2) act and influence the body in very similar ways. Because bremelanotide is the primary component of both synthetically generated peptides. As a result, by affecting the central nervous system rather than the vascular system, both substances boost libido, sexual desire, and sexual function.[6]
Both substances accomplish this by raising dopamine production and attaching to melanocortin receptors in the brain, which aids in the rise of sexual arousal and desire, resulting in greater sexual function in both men and women.
Melanotan(MT2), unlike PT-141, stimulates sexual desire by stimulating the MC-3 and MC-4 receptors in the brain, resulting in increased sexual function. Melanotan II is closely related to PT-141 and contains similar components.
Based on what we know so far about PT-141 and Melanotan II, there is little doubt that they are potent peptides with great sexual advantages. Whether you’re having difficulty getting physically aroused, have a low sex drive or libido, or don’t enjoy sex, PT-141 and MT-II may be able to assist. However, before using either of these medications, you must obtain medical counsel and assistance from a healthcare expert.
What are the Side Effects of PT-141(Bremelanotide)?
As with any medication, PT-141 can cause side effects in some people. The most commonly reported side effects of PT-141 use are:
PT 141(Bremelanotide) may cause serious side effects:
▪ Severe or ongoing nausea;
▪ Slow heartbeats;
▪ High blood pressure–severe headache, blurred vision, pounding in your neck or ears.
PT 141(Bremelanotide) has some common side effects:
▪ Nausea, vomiting;
▪ Flushing (sudden warmth, redness, or tingly feeling);
▪ Cough, stuffy nose;
▪ Headache, tiredness, dizziness;
▪ Pain, bruising, redness, itching, bleeding, numbness, or tingling where an injection was given.
Even though PT-141 is generally well-tolerated, it is important to remember that how often and how bad these side effects are can vary from person to person. People may sometimes have more serious side effects, such as vomiting, blurry vision, and dizziness. It’s important to talk to a doctor immediately if you notice any of them.
Because PT-141 is a relatively new treatment option, there is currently limited data available on the long-term effects of PT-141 use. Before starting treatment, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider about the possible risks and benefits of using PT-141. It is also important to take medicine exactly as your doctor tells you to and immediately tell your doctor if you have any side effects.
Where to buy Peptide PT-141(Bremelanotide)?
PT-141 is a man-made peptide that was originally developed as a sunless tanning agent, but it has shown a lot of promise as a possible treatment for sexual dysfunction. Especially, it has great helpful on the treatment of erectile dysfunction or impotence in men and HSDD (hypoactive sexual desire disorder) in women.
For now, there are many people find this peptide and ready to inject it to improve the life. Of course, there are also some researchers who interested in studying PT-141 may be also curious about where to buy this peptide PT 141 online.[2]
It is not difficult to buy PT-141 online these days. While PT-141 is available online from a variety of vendors, it is important to purchase only research-grade PT-141 to ensure safe and worthwhile experimentation.Having tested multiple vendors, our preferred PT-141 source is Polypeptide.Ltd. They consistently supply research-grade PT-141 at reasonable prices with decent shipping times.
But we need to notice: it is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of PT-141 use with a healthcare provider and to weigh the costs and benefits of treatment before making a decision. With more research and study, PT-141 could become an even more promising treatment for people with more disease.
How to Store Peptide PT-141 from Polypeptide Ltd.?
The PT-141 injectable (Polypeptide Ltd.) does not require refrigeration and can be stored at temperatures below 77°F (25°C). Even when not refrigerated, they have a shelf life of roughly 12 months.
The injection should not be refrigerated or exposed to severe temperatures or direct sunlight, since this can cause the peptide to degrade. Because each pen is single-use, it can be discarded immediately after use.
Manually reconstituted peptides with bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) must be refrigerated at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C) for up to 28 days.[10]
Manufacturers/Factory
Polypeptide PT-141, also known as Bremelanotide, is a miraculous peptide and synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring peptide hormone a-MSH.PT-141 is a compound with all the sexual enhancement properties of Melatonan II, but without the increase in melanogenesis. It’s approved by the FDA for the treatment of low sexual desire in women but is also used by men to improve erectile function.Indeed, MSH also exerts potent influence over lipid metabolism, appetite, and sexual libido. Resultantly, PT-141 has been shown in studies to exhibit libido-enhancing effects by activating the melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R, but not skin tanning. Melanotan 1 and Melanotan 2 have been researched for their use in protecting against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation from sunlight due to their melanogenesis-stimulating properties.
As the best PT-141 peptide manufacturer, Polypeptide.ltd is not only supply the peptide PT-141(Bremelanotide) in powder form but provide the customized standard easy use vial form. You can buy the best price PT 141 and best quality peptide from this professional peptide manufacturer.
Coa & HNMR
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FAQ
How to reconstitute Peptide PT-141?
Reconstituted injectable PT-141 should be done using bacteriostatic or sterile water. Drip bacteriostatic or sterile water down the side of the PT-141 vial to reconstitute it. Allow the solution to dissolve naturally.
Does PT-141 boost testosterone?
No. Current research investigations do not demonstrate that PT-141 has any effect in testosterone production.
Is it safe to use PT-141?
PT-141 is a peptide that has gained popularity due to its ability to give sexual rejuvenation benefits. However, many individuals are concerned about its safety for human use. While the FDA has not yet authorized PT-141, tests have shown that it is generally safe to use when taken as indicated.
In most investigations, the adverse effects of PT-141 were mild and easily tolerated. Headache, flushing of the cheeks, nausea, and dizziness are all common reported adverse effects.However, these effects usually go away once the person stops using PT-141 or takes a lesser dose. Additionally, some users may develop more serious side effects, such as chest pain or difficulty breathing as a result of an allergic response; if this occurs, it is critical to seek medical treatment immediately.
While PT-141 is not for everyone, it is crucial to seek your doctor’s consent before using it. Visit a male clinic to see if you are eligible for PT-141 or other erectile dysfunction therapies.
How long does PT-141 last?
The effects of PT-141 can be felt within 30 minutes of intake, with peak levels occurring roughly two hours later. The duration of its effect varies from person to person, but most users report feeling its effects for several hours after taking it.
However, there is no definitive answer as to how long the effects will continue because everyone reacts differently based on their specific physiology and metabolism. However, the effects normally wear off four to eight hours after dose.
Most patients take PT-141 when they are going to engage in sexual activity with their spouse. This could improve their sexual performance and wellbeing.
How to inject PT-141?
Subcutaneous injection of injectable PT 141 into the abdominal or thigh muscles is the most common method of administration. Before administering any injection, carefully read the manufacturer’s instructions. Before injecting the solution, use sterilized needles and syringes, and wipe the injection site with an alcohol swab. Injections should be given no more than three times each week, at least two hours apart.
Reviews
PT-141 Peptide dosage calculator
Referenced Citations
[1] Alabsi W, Eedara BB, Encinas-Basurto D, Polt R, Mansour HM. Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides as Nasal Aerosols. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Sep 5;14(9):1870. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091870. PMID: 36145618; PMCID: PMC9502087.
[2] Mayer D, Lynch SE. Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2020 Jul;54(7):684-690. doi: 10.1177/1060028019899152. Epub 2020 Jan 1. PMID: 31893927.
[3] Bartlik B, Sugarman A, Seenaraine S, Green S. FDA-Approved (Bremelanotide, Flibanserin) and Off-Label Medications (Testosterone, Sildenafil) to Enhance Sexual Desire/Function in Women. On J Complement & Alt Med. 4(1): 2020. OJCAM. MS.ID.000578.
[4] Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Nov;134(5):909-917. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003514. PMID: 31599847; PMCID: PMC6819023.
[5] Wessells H, Fuciarelli K, Hansen J, Hadley ME, Hruby VJ, Dorr R, et al. Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: Double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study. J Urol. 1998 Aug;160(2):389–93.
[6] King SH, Mayorov AV, Balse-Srinivasan P, Hruby VJ, Vanderah TW, Wessells H. Melanocortin receptors, melanotropic peptides and penile erection. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(11):1098-1106. PMID: 17584130; PMCID: PMC2694735.
[7] Michelakis E, Tymchak W, Archer S. Sildenafil: from the bench to the bedside. CMAJ. 2000 Oct 31;163(9):1171-5. PMID: 11079066; PMCID: PMC80254.
[8] Safarinejad MR, Hosseini SY. Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Urol. 2008 Mar;179(3):1066-71. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.063. Epub 2008 Jan 18. PMID: 18206919.
[9] Sharot T, Guitart-Masip M, Korn CW, Chowdhury R, Dolan RJ. How dopamine enhances an optimism bias in humans. Curr Biol. 2012 Aug 21;22(16):1477-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.053. Epub 2012 Jul 12. PMID: 22795698; PMCID: PMC3424419.
[10] Edinoff AN, Sanders NM, Lewis KB, Apgar TL, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire. Neurol Int. 2022 Jan 4;14(1):75-88. doi: 10.3390/neurolint14010006. PMID: 35076581; PMCID: PMC8788464.
[11]Kim S, Cho MC, Cho SY, Chung H, Rajasekaran MR. Novel Emerging Therapies for Erectile Dysfunction. World J Mens Health. 2021 Jan;39(1):48-64. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.200007. Epub 2020 Mar 16. PMID: 32202086; PMCID: PMC7752520.
[12]Liu C, Kaeser PS. Mechanisms and regulation of dopamine release. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2019 Aug;57:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Feb 12. PMID: 30769276; PMCID: PMC6629510.
What Is PT-141?
PT-141, also known as bremelanotide, has been nicknamed the “female Viagra” due to its previous investigation in phase IIb human clinical trials as a potential treatment for female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). It belongs to the melanocortin family and primarily binds to the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC-4R) and MC-1R. In 2009, PT-141 was also studied as a treatment for acute hemorrhage. PT-141 is derived from another synthetic melanocortin called melanotan 2 (MT-2). [1]
PT-141 Molecular Structure

Authoritative source:PubChem
Sequence: AC-Nle-Asp(1)-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys(1)
Molecular Formula: CsoHogN14O10
Molecular Weight: 1025. 182 g/mol
PubChem CID: 9941379
CAS Number: 189691-06-3
PT-141 Research
PT-141 and Sexual Arousal
PT-141 is a distinctive peptide as it activates the MC-4R, which is recognized for inducing sexual arousal in the central nervous system and influencing sexual behavior. Research conducted on mice has demonstrated that agonist binding to the MC-4R receptor leads to sexual arousal and enhanced copulation in both males and females. Due to its distinct mechanism of action compared to drugs like Viagra, PT-141 offers the potential to address sexual arousal disorders in both men and women that arise from causes other than reduced blood flow to the genital area. [7]
In a study involving men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who did not respond to sildenafil (Viagra), it was found that approximately one-third of the participants achieved satisfactory erections for sexual intercourse when treated with PT-141, administered through a nasal spray. The trial also demonstrated a significant response dependent on the dosage, indicating the effectiveness of PT-141 in specific cases. These findings suggest that PT-141 could provide potential solutions for addressing ED in situations where sildenafil has been ineffective, and it may also contribute to a better understanding of the central factors contributing to hypoactive sexual desire.

Duration of penile base rigidity greater than 60% for placebo compared to various doses of PT-141.
Authoritative source:Nature
Interestingly, PT-141 was discontinued in clinical trials before receiving approval for use in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). This decision was made despite indications that the drug increased the frequency of satisfying sexual events per month and significantly reduced female sexual distress scores, all without significant side effects. Many experts specializing in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) were disappointed that the peptide was not being further developed despite positive outcomes. They attribute this setback to the lack of established trial endpoints for FSD and societal biases against women’s sexual health, which impede the approval of much-needed therapies. These experts hope for increased attention to the topic and urge the FDA to establish clearer guidelines for evaluating beneficial therapies like PT-141. Furthermore, they express disappointment that pharmacological treatments were not tested in conjunction with established methods of sexual dysfunction treatment, as they believe that combining approaches may have a synergistic effect. They suggest that peptides such as PT-141 could be instrumental in overcoming initial barriers and facilitating psychological treatment modalities.[2]
In 2017, in response to the concerns raised regarding the discontinuation of earlier trials, Phase II Reconnect trials were initiated to evaluate the use of subcutaneous injections of PT-141 for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). The latest formulation of PT-141, known as Rekynda, is expected to become available for use in the United States soon. Once approved, it would be permissible to use PT-141 off-label to treat both male and female sexual dysfunction. These new trials have incorporated modified endpoints that experts in FSD have advocated for, recognizing their value in facilitating the approval of such treatments.
PT-141 and Hemorrhage
In 2009, PT-141 underwent slight modifications and was explored as a potential therapy for hemorrhagic shock. Due to its binding affinity for both MC-1R and MC-4R, PT-141 exhibits properties that mitigate ischemia and safeguard tissues against inadequate blood supply in the context of hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock. Intravenous administration of the drug is associated with minimal side effects. PT-141 reached phase IIb trials and the modified version is now known as PL-6983.[4]
PT-141 and Infection
In a rat model of a specific fungal infection, the MC-1R has demonstrated significant anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory properties. This discovery is highly significant since current anti-fungal treatments have limitations in their mechanism of action and often result in severe side effects that can hinder treatment in certain patients. The availability of an alternative treatment for fungal infections could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems.[5][6]
PT-141 and Cancer
The MC-1R receptor plays a crucial role in stimulating DNA repair pathways, making it a promising target for cancer treatment and prevention. Studies have indicated that individuals with MC-1R variants have a higher susceptibility to basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. Modified versions of PT-141 hold potential in addressing the issues associated with these variants and may offer opportunities for the prevention and treatment of these types of cancers.[7]
PT-141 and Weight Loss
Research indicates that the MC-4R receptor plays a pivotal role in the regulation of appetite. Agonists of the MC-4R, such as melanotan 2 and PT-141, have been shown to induce satiety and reduce overall calorie consumption. Additionally, PT-141 seems to interact with leptin signaling pathways, contributing to the intricate regulation of food intake. This correlation is not unexpected, considering that PT-141 is derived from α-MSH, which has been shown to negatively regulate food intake through its interaction with the ghrelin-leptin system.
Animal studies provide evidence indicating that PT-141 may enhance energy expenditure by decoupling specific energy pathways, thereby leading to an elevation in basal metabolism. Research conducted on mice demonstrates that activation of the MC-4R receptor can stimulate thermogenesis, even in mice lacking the proteins responsible for regulating this process. Consequently, there is an augmentation in calorie expenditure, including a substantial portion occurring in adipose tissue, even during periods of rest.
Recent double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have provided further support for the aforementioned physiological findings and have confirmed that PT-141 elicits significant weight loss, primarily attributed to reduced caloric intake. Participants receiving PT-141 exhibited approximately twice the weight loss compared to those in the placebo group. On average, the reduction in caloric intake amounted to nearly 400 kcal/day. Additionally, the study demonstrated a dose-response relationship, with subjects experiencing greater weight loss when PT-141 was administered twice daily rather than once daily[14]. Ongoing investigations are actively exploring PT-141 and its interactions with melanocortin receptors to gain a deeper understanding of the melanocortin system’s role in weight loss and energy balance.
PT-141 Research Directions
Currently, PT-141 is garnering significant attention as a treatment for sexual dysfunction. However, it holds great potential for research beyond the realms of sexual dysfunction and hemorrhage. For instance, MC-4R has been implicated in certain cases of obesity where it is defective or absent, accounting for approximately 6% of early-onset obesity cases. PT-141 provides a unique opportunity to investigate this specific cause of obesity and potentially identify intervention pathways. Moreover, MC-1R is involved in pain perception, inflammation, kidney pathology, and the spread of infection, presenting a wide range of research opportunities where PT-141 could contribute valuable insights.
PT-141 demonstrates minimal side effects and has low oral bioavailability, but it exhibits excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. However, it’s important to note that dosage per kilogram in mice does not directly translate to humans. PT-141 available for purchase at Peptide Sciences is strictly limited to educational and scientific research purposes, and it should not be consumed by humans. It is advised to only acquire PT-141 if you hold a valid research license.
Referenced Citations
[1] M. Sandrock, A. Schulz, C. Merkwitz, T. Schöneberg, K. Spanel-Borowski, and A. Ricken, “Reduction in corpora lutea number in obese melanocortin-4-receptor-deficient mice,” Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. RBE, vol. 7, p. 24, Mar. 2009. [PMC]
[2] R. C. Rosen, L. E. Diamond, D. C. Earle, A. M. Shadiack, and P. B. Molinoff, “Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra,” Int. J. Impot. Res., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 135–142, Apr. 2004. [PubMed].
[3] H. Wessells, V. J. Hruby, J. Hackett, G. Han, P. Balse-Srinivasan, and T. W. Vanderah, “Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2 induces penile erection via brain and spinal melanocortin receptors,” Neuroscience, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 755–762, 2003. [PubMed]
[4] A.-S. Rössler, J. G. Pfaus, H. K. Kia, J. Bernabé, L. Alexandre, and F. Giuliano, “The melanocortin agonist, melanotan II, enhances proceptive sexual behaviors in the female rat,” Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 514–521, Nov. 2006. [PubMed]
[5] [5] M. R. Safarinejad and S. Y. Hosseini, “Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study,” J. Urol., vol. 179, no. 3, pp. 1066–1071, Mar. 2008. [PubMed]
[6] A. H. Clayton et al., “Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial,” Womens Health Lond. Engl., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 325–337, 2016. [PubMed]
[7] M. K. Miller, J. R. Smith, J. J. Norman, and A. H. Clayton, “Expert opinion on existing and developing drugs to treat female sexual dysfunction,” Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 223–230, 2018. [PubMed]
Author of this article:
Dr. Jean Zeng graduated from king’s college london Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine.Scientific Journal paper Author:
E. Diamond
Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
B. MOLINOFF
Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA
C. Earle
Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
Songlong Jiao
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
In no way does this doctor/scientist endorse or advocate the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. Polypeptide.ltd has no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, with this physician. The purpose of citing this doctor is to acknowledge, acknowledge and commend the exhaustive research and development work done by the scientists working on this peptide.
Author of this article:
Dr. Jean Zeng graduated from king's college london Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine.
Scientific Journal paper Author:
Stephen C. Bain
Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
In no way does this doctor/scientist endorse or advocate the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. Polypeptide.ltd has no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, with this physician. The purpose of citing this doctor is to acknowledge, acknowledge and commend the exhaustive research and development work done by the scientists working on this peptide.
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